|
NEW TESTAMENT 1: GOSPELS
NS500
(Best viewed using Internet Explorer
or Netscape 7)
|
|
Fuller School of Theology
Santa Barbara
Fall 2003
Bruce N. Fisk
|
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This introduction to the four gospels introduces students to (1) the content of each of the Gospels; (2) the historical setting of the gospels and of the life of Jesus; and (3) the various methods appropriate to studying the gospels, and their implications for interpreting and understanding these beloved and familiar texts. [Prerequisite: None. Meets M. Div. core requirement in New Testament "1" (NT1).]
MY GOALS FOR THIS COURSE AND FOR YOU
I'd love for this course to lay for each of you foundations for a lifetime of studying the Gospels and a lifetime of following Jesus. As we read together, discuss passages, evaluate ideas and complete assignments, we'll watch the Gospels shape our imaginations, transform our vision and solidify us as a community of disciples. Along the way, we'll gain confidence in reading, studying and teaching the Gospels, and we'll grow in our appreciation for the role of New Testament scholarship in the life of the church.
More concretely, I want you increasingly to know your way around the Gospels, and to be able to associate major ideas, themes and arguments with each of the four. I'll be looking for signs that you can recognize the portraits of Jesus depicted in each Gospel, that you are growing in your understanding of the social world of Jesus' day, and that you are refusing to insulate Jesus from cultural, historical and political reality. Toward that end, I hope you'll discover the (mixed) value of contemporary debates about the historical Jesus.
I especially hope that "biblical scholarship" becomes one of your favorite terms. In my experience, untethered biblical scholarship can be destructive, but the same is true for untethered passion and intellectual laziness. Rigorous study in the service of the church, however, will raise exciting new questions, supply useful reality checks, introduce fresh ways of reading, ground private faith in public reality, and supply a roadmap to get past the glib cliches we sometimes mistake for thinking Christianly. Church leaders need not be professional scholars, but they should be amateurs (= "lovers") of the best of biblical scholarship, and should see themselves on a journey that involves both heart and mind, both library and parish, both hands and head, both Spirit and Truth.
COURSE FORMAT
The principal elements will be lecture and discussion, based on our reading of the New Testament and secondary sources. We will meet once weekly for three-hour sessions. Along the way, we'll incorporate group work, presentations, film, music, art, and pretty much anything else that can enrich our exposure to the Gospels and open our eyes to their message.
REQUIRED TEXTS
| AGT |
Achtemeier, Paul; Joel Green; and Marianne Meye Thompson. Introducing the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001. |
| Aland |
Aland, Kurt. Synopsis of the Four Gospels, English Edition. OR Synopsis of the Four Gospels, Greek-English edition. United Bible Societies, 1993. |
| Shadow |
Theissen, Gerd. The Shadow of the Galilean. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.
|
RECOMMENDED READINGS AND RESOURCES
The following books will be useful for additional background reading, in preparing papers, and in study for the final examination. Wise students will consider acquiring, or at least regularly consulting, these various tools.
| Blomberg, C. The Historical Reliability of John's Gospel: Issues and Commentary. IVP, 2002. Pp. 17-67. |
|
Green, J. B., S. McKnight, and I. H. Marshall, eds. Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. InterVarsity, 1992.
|
|
Hanson, K. C. and D. E. Oakman. Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts. Fortress, 1998.
|
|
Jeffers, James S. The Greco-Roman World of the New Testament Era: Exploring the Background of Early Christianity. IVP, 1999.
|
| Powell, Mark Allan. Jesus as a Figure in History: How the Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee. Louisville: Westminster/JKP, 1998. |
|
________. Fortress Introduction to the Gospels. Fortress, 1998.
|
|
Stanton, Graham.The Gospels and Jesus. 2nd ed. Oxford: 2002.
|
| Thompson, M. M. The Incarnate Word: Perspectives on Jesus in the Fourth Gospel. Hendrickson, 1993. Pp. 1-11; 117-128. |
| Wright, N. T. The New Testament and the People of God. Fortress, 1992. |
| ________. Jesus and the Victory of God. Fortress, 1996. |
| ________. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Fortress, 2003. |
| NTGateway.com (hosted by Mark Goodacre of the University of Birmingham): perhaps the best place to begin NT research on the web. |
| Alexander, P. et al. The SBL Handbook of Style. Hendrickson, 1999. |
ASSIGNMENTS (all of which need to be completed to receive a passing grade)
Readings
20% |
Readings are due before class on the days indicated in the Schedule. Come prepared to discuss, raise questions and perhaps take a brief quiz.
Each of you will be responsible to lead at least one discussion of an assigned reading, either in the Achtemeier text or Theissen's novel. You'll have a chance to sign up on the first day of class. This should mean that you complete the assignment even more carefully, identify key elements, and come with a list of 3 or 4 discussion questions to get things started. Beyond that, you might also point us to the most helpful sections of the Recommended readings. |
Synopsis
25% |
Underlining: We'll devote part of each class to discussion of a pericope or two in the Synopsis. This means you'll need to work throught the passage in advance, using the following color code to underline similarities and differences. We'll spell out in class how this should be done, and why. Plan to use a ruler, eraser and pencil crayons (NOT markers, pens or hi-liters).
|
words shared by Matthew and Mark |
|
words shared by Mark and Luke |
|
words shared by Matthew and Luke |
|
words shared by all three |
|
words unique to any one Gospel |
In class we'll discuss the more significant similarities and differences, and consider how this exercise can help us understand the distinctives of each Gospel, and the process that led to their composition.
For additional help with the details of underlining a Gospel Synopsis, click here.
Reflection paper: you'll also need to select one of the assigned units on which to do a brief (1-2 page) reflection paper, in which you discuss what you take to be your most interesting / significant / puzzling discoveries.
Grading: Synopses will be examined several times during the term for grading. Criteria: completeness, neatness (including the use of a straight edge), accuracy, additional marginal notations.
Group work: you are welcome to do your underlining in groups of two or three, provided this means working through the entire passage together, rather than dividing up the task and mindlessly copying each other.
|
Paper
40% |
You'll need to prepare a research paper, conforming to Fuller's style requirements (think Turabian), on one of the following topics or an alternative that you clear with me.
- Jesus in Jewish Context: Interpretation of a Selected Gospel Passage in the Light of Old Testament texts and/or early Jewish practice
- Jesus in Greco-Roman Context: Interpretation of a Selected Passage in the Light of One or More Elements of Greek / Roman culture
- Gospels in Dialogue: A Thematic Comparison of Two (or More) Gospels
- End of the Exile? An Assessment of N.T.Wright's Take on Jesus
- Kingdom Come: The Eschatology of Jesus in one or more of the Gospels
- Crucify Him! A Study of the Factors and Forces that Contributed to the Execution of Jesus
- The Synoptic Puzzle: An Assessment of One or More Standard Theories on Synoptic Literary Relationships
- Jesus on Parchment and Celluloid: A Comparison of Biblical and Contemporary Images of Jesus
Aim for roughly 10 pages or 2,500 words (not including notes and bibliography). I want to see that you have engaged thoughtfully the text of the Gospels, in one way or another, and at least 5 or 6 solid secondary sources. Include a bibliography of sources used, and citations (using footnotes or endnotes) where appropriate. The paper is due December 4.
|
Final Exam
15% |
We'll wind up the course on December 11 with an essay exam. I'll distribute a list of eight 'fair game' questions in advance. On the evening of the exam, we'll pick at random four of the eight, from which you'll choose three for your essays. You're welcome to bring an unmarked, non-study Bible or two to the exam. (I will check all Bibles for study notes, underlining, cross-references, etc.) |
SCHEDULE
| Date |
Topic |
Readings and Preparation |
Recommended Readings |
| Oct 2 |
Introductions, Syllabus,
Soundings in the Gospels |
AGT 1-13
Mark 2:1-12 & pars.(Aland #43) |
|
| Oct 9 |
The World of the New Testament |
AGT 15-51 Shadow 1-27, 189-195
Mark 2:13-22 & pars. (Aland ##44-45) |
Hanson, Palestine, 131-159
Jeffers, World, 14-47, 119-141
2nd Temple Judaism: Pillars, Rituals, Festivals; Conflicts and Crises in the 1st Century CE |
| Oct 16 |
The Nature of the Gospels |
AGT 53-87
Shadow 29-55
Mark 2:23 - 3:6 (Aland ##46-47) |
Powell, Gospels, 1-9 Stanton, Gospels, 13-36, 122-139
Mark Goodacre's Ten Reasons to Question Q |
| Oct 23 |
Matthew: infancy narratives; royal Messiah;
Israel and the nations; Parable |
Matthew (entire Gospel)
AGT 89-121
Shadow 57-74
Matthew 8:5-13 & pars. (Aland #85)
Matthew 14:22-33 & pars. (Aland #147) |
Powell, Gospels, 61-84
Stanton, Gospels, 58-78
Hanson, Palestine, 63-97 |
| Oct 30 |
Mark: Apocalyptic; Secrecy; Miracle |
Mark (entire Gospel)
AGT 122-147
Shadow 75-95
Mark 10:2-22 & pars. (Aland ##252-254) |
Powell, Gospels, 38-60
Stanton, Gospels, 37-57
Hanson, Palestine, 19-61
The Paradox of Markan Christology
Discipleship and Suffering in Mark's Gospel
Crucifixion in Antiquity - James Tabor
Two pages (one, two) on holy man Apollonius of Tyana |
| Nov 6 |
John: Guest Lecture by Dr. Karen Jobes |
John (entire Gospel)
AGT 175-205 |
Powell, Gospels, 112-138 |
| Nov 13 |
John: Guest Lecture by Dr. Karen Jobes |
AGT 207-244
Shadow 96-118 |
Stanton, Gospels, 97-121 |
| Nov 20 |
Luke: a delayed parousia? Messiah and Meal; Jesus and the Underclasses |
Luke (entire Gospel)
AGT 149-174
Shadow 119-141
Luke 9:23-36 & pars. (Aland #160-161) |
Powell, Gospels, 85-111
Stanton, Gospels, 79-96 |
| Dec 4 |
Jesus of Nazareth: the modern Quest |
AGT 207-244
Shadow 143-164
Mark 11:1-17 & pars. (Aland ##269-273) |
Powell, Gospels, 10-37, 139-143
Powell, Jesus, 1-50
Stanton, Gospels, 143-177 |
| Dec 11 |
Review and Final Exam |
Shadow 165-195 |
|
|